أنت
阿拉伯语[编辑]
词源1[编辑]
发音[编辑]
代词[编辑]
أَنْتَ (ʔanta) m（属格 ـكَ (-ka)，宾格 ـكَ (-ka) / إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka)）
- 你（阳性单数主格）
参见[编辑]
阿拉伯语人称代词
| 独立型主格代词 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
| 〈阴〉 | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
| 〈阴〉 | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
| 独立型宾格代词 | ||||
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
| 〈阴〉 | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
| 〈阴〉 | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
| 附着型宾格与属格代词 | ||||
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
| 〈阴〉 | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
| 〈阴〉 | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
| * Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”)接动词，而ـي (-y)或ـيَ (-ya, “我的”)接名词。 In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-y) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). | ||||
词源2[编辑]
发音[编辑]
代词[编辑]
أَنْتِ (ʔanti) f（属格 ـكِ (-ki)，宾格 ـكِ (-ki) / إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki)）
- 你（阴性单数主格）
参见[编辑]
阿拉伯语人称代词
| 独立型主格代词 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
| 〈阴〉 | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
| 〈阴〉 | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
| 独立型宾格代词 | ||||
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
| 〈阴〉 | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
| 〈阴〉 | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
| 附着型宾格与属格代词 | ||||
| 单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
| 第1人称 | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
| 第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
| 〈阴〉 | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
| 第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
| 〈阴〉 | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
| * Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”)接动词，而ـي (-y)或ـيَ (-ya, “我的”)接名词。 In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-y) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). | ||||
参考资料[编辑]
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “أنت”, J. Milton Cowan, 编, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th版, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-003-4